A full‐scale system for aerobic biological treatment of olive mill wastewater

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is a major environmental problem in the Mediterranean basin. Although many methods for OMW treatment have been developed, only a few have been adopted in pilot‐ or full‐scale applications. A full‐scale system for aerobic biological treatment of OMW was developed. The system consists of a trickling filter and a recirculation tank. Continuous recirculation of the wastewater was used to provide oxygen concentrations from 0.7 to 1.2 mg L^?1. Low ambient temperatures did not affect system performance since the raw wastewater was warm enough. Nutrient addition was not necessary as raw wastewater contained sufficient nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations. Indigenous olive pulp bacteria proved to be resistant to full‐scale conditions. Feed chemical oxygen demand and phenolic concentrations were about 43 000 and 9500 mg L^?1, respectively. The system reduced more than half of the organic load under continuous operation and a hydraulic retention time of 24 h. The efficiency of this method could be improved by combining it with another technology to further reduce the organic load. The absence of mechanical aeration and the very low hydraulic retention time denotes that the proposed system could be viable and attractive. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Experimental analysis of optimal performance for a 5 kW PEMFC system

This paper investigates the issue of performance optimization for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system. In PEMFC system, the system efficiency is the key parameters to evaluate the system performance which is sensitive to the air flow rate. Thus, the careful selection of the air flow rate is crucial to ensure efficient, reliable and durable operation of the PEMFC system. In this paper, the dynamic response of the system under variable air flow rate is studied in detail by means of experiments on the built 5 kW PEMFC system with 110 cells and a catalyst active area of 250 cm². The oxygen excess ratio (OER) is defined to indicate the state of oxygen supply. The experimental results show that the maximum efficiency is existed under certain net current. The OER conditions have the optimal characteristic for system efficiency. Through the optimization of system performance, the system efficiency can be increased by 12.2% on average. At the same time, the system dynamic characteristic under oxygen starvation and oxygen saturation are analyzed in detail based on the experimental data.     

菌落总数质控样的制备及其在能力验证中的应用

目的制备均匀性和稳定性符合能力验证要求的质控样品,并将质控样品用于菌落总数的能力验证。方法本次考核样品由高浓度(3×10~4 CFU)、低浓度(1×10~4 CFU)2个样品组成,随机抽取质控样品进行稳定性及均匀性的检验,对其进行评价。本设计通过对实验室进行随机分组来发放样品,防止能力验证活动中各实验室进行串通。结果 65家实验室参加本次考核活动,整体满意率为80%,本次能力验证可以真实地反映参试单位的检测水平。结论本次菌落总数能力验证样品可用于质控样品使用。     

2016~2018年广东省膨化食品微生物污染状况分析

目的 了解广东省膨化食品受卫生指标菌(菌落总数、大肠菌群)污染状况, 为防控食源性疾病提供依据。方法 按照GB 4789.2-2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验菌落总数测定》、GB 4789.3-2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验大肠菌群计数》中的方法对广东省2016~2018年共1672批次膨化食品进行检验。结果 2016~2018年监督抽检中, 膨化食品卫生指标菌不合格率分别为2.29% (2016年)、4.08% (2017年)、6.31% (2018年), 其中不合格样品生产单位所在地市不合格率最高连续3年均为潮州市。结论 2016~2018年广东省膨化食品受微生物污染的程度有逐年加重的趋势, 尤其潮州市的生产企业, 监管部门应强化膨化食品安全监督力度, 督促落实企业主体责任, 确保食品卫生安全。     

聚合氯化铝投加时间对好氧颗粒污泥的形成和胞外聚合物的影响

通过在好氧颗粒污泥培养过程中分别在第1～7天和第8～14天投加聚合氯化铝(PAC)的方式,分析颗粒的形成过程,并研究胞外聚合物总量及其各组分的含量变化和空间分布。研究发现:第8～14天投加PAC的反应器形成颗粒时间提前了6天,且形成的颗粒外形规则,大小均匀,去除污染物性能良好;反应器中胞外多聚物和蛋白质含量总体较多,且随颗粒的形成而增加,之后略有下降并在颗粒成熟后维持稳定,蛋白质/多糖的值在颗粒形成期均增加超过2.5倍,有利于颗粒污泥的形成;多重荧光染色表明:两个反应器中PAC投加时间不同,β-D-呋喃葡萄糖、脂类和活细胞均呈现不同的分布情况,但对蛋白质和α-呋喃葡萄糖、α-甘露糖分布的影响较小。     

好氧饥饿对膨胀污泥硝化性能及污泥特性的影响

采用SBR好/缺氧工艺,考察了好氧饥饿对于丝状菌膨胀污泥中硝化细菌活性及污泥性能的影响。结果表明,14 d的好氧饥饿过程(无外加底物,保持曝气)中,氨氧化细菌(ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, AOB)表现出更高的饥饿敏感性,其好氧衰减速率[(0.42±0.06)d^-1)高于亚硝酸盐氧化菌(nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, NOB)的好氧衰减速率[(0.34±0.05)d^-1]。恢复阶段初期,系统出现了明显的亚硝酸盐积累现象,这主要归因于AOB具有在环境发生改变时做出快速反应的能力,具体体现在AOB较NOB具有更高的活性恢复速率上。此外,好氧饥饿能够快速杀死丝状细菌,迅速改善膨胀污泥的沉降性能,使污泥的SVI由170 ml·g^-1快速下降到30 ml·g^-1。胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances, EPS)和溶解性微生物产物(soluble microbial products, SMP)能够相互转化,并为饥饿污泥提供一定的碳源和能源,保证了细菌在饥饿环境中长期的细胞维持。     

麦胚肽(RVF)对人神经瘤细胞SH-SY5Y损伤模型的保护作用

本文研究了麦胚肽(RVF)对人神经瘤细胞SH-SY5Y损伤的保护作用。采用体外细胞培养法,以人神经瘤细胞SH-SY5Y为材料,建立了饥饿损伤和H2O2损伤模型。结果表明:在40个不同浓度与作用时间的组别中,对SH-SY5Y细胞具有显著营养功能的只有无血清饥饿模型中200μmol/L RVF作用12 h与含1%血清饥饿模型中500μmol/L RVF作用24 h两个组别,且不具有剂量与时间依赖性。在H2O2诱导的细胞氧化损伤模型中,200μmol/L的RVF将细胞存活率分别提高了25.05%(MTT法)和21.90%(SRB法);200μmol/L RVF预孵育时间延长至12 h时,RVF极显著地提高了细胞存活率,且具有剂量与时间依赖性;细胞形态检测结果表明RVF干预后,SH-SY5Y细胞也逐渐由皱缩、细长恢复到梭形或多角形,粘附性增强。在本研究建立的两种损伤模型中,RVF仅对H2O2损伤模型具有显著保护作用。     

猪肉菌落总数检验中不确定度的评定

目的建立猪肉中菌落总数检测结果的不确定度评定方法。方法依据JJF 1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》和GB4789.2-2010《食品微生物学检验菌落总数测定》以及相关统计学方法,对样品不确定度进行评定。结果依据所采用的方法,对同一样品测定10次菌落总数的扩展不确定度为0.090,k=2。结论本研究可以对单个样品的菌落总数检测结果的不确定度作出较好的估计,可适用于日常工作中菌落计数的不确定度评定。